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Nikolai Kirillovich Antipov (; 15 December 1894 – 29 July 1938) was a Soviet Union politician. He was appointed Member of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union and elected member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1924–1937) and candidate member of the Orgburo (1924–1925, 1928–1930). He was executed during the Great Purge and rehabilitated posthumously.
Antipov trained as a fitter at a nautical technical school, and worked as a locksmith in a Saint Petersburg shipyard and in the Dynamo factory, Moscow. In 1912 he joined the ranks of Bolsheviks. He was arrested in 1913 for participating in the activities organized by the party. In 1914, he was once again rearrested, and spent a year in prison. Arrested for a third time, for running an underground printing press, he was released during the February Revolution. In 1917, he was elected to the Petrograd Committee of RSDLP (b) and a deputy of the Petrograd Soviet, and in October 1917 to the Presidium of the Petrograd Central Council of factory committees.
In August 1918, he was appointed to the post of vice-president and then (January 1919) to the office of President of Petrograd Cheka, replacing Varvara Yakovleva. In 1919, he was transferred to Kazan, serving as a secretary of the Kazan Governorate Communist Party Committee. In 1920, he was transferred to Moscow. to work in the People's Commissariat for Transport, and later as Secretary of the Moscow Committee of the Communist Party.
In 1924, he was elected a member of the Communist Party Central Committee, and appointed head of Ograspred, the Central Committee department responsible for appointing personnel, which brought him into regular, close contact with the General secretary, Joseph Stalin. In January 1926, he was appointed First Secretary of the Ural Regional Committee. In 1926, he was moved to the post of the Second Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee and Secretary of the Northwest Office of the Communist Party.
From January 16, 1928, to March 30, 1931, Antipov served as head of the People's Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs of the USSR. In 1931, he was appointed to the position of People's Commissar of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate of the USSR. He was soon appointed to the post of Deputy Chairman of the Commission of Soviet Control under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.
On April 27, 1935, Antipov was appointed to the position of Chairman of the USSR Commission on Soviet Control and Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union. During the Great Purge, Antipov was arrested on June 21, 1937, and expelled from the Communist Party. On July 28, 1938, he was sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union and executed by shooting the next day.
On June 30, 1956, the decision of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court was quashed, and Antipov was rehabilitated and restored to the ranks of the Communist Party.
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